An Instance:
In 1965, 17 year old high school student Randy Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours. That is eleven days, to see how he would cope without sleep. On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing. Next he lost the ability to identify objects by touch. By day three, Gardner was moody and uncoordinated. At the end of the experiment, he was struggling to concentrate, had trouble with short term memory, became paranoid, and started hallucinating. Although Gardner recovered without long-term psychological or physical damage, for others, losing shuteye can result in hormonal imbalance, illness and in extreme cases, death.
Reseaches:
Adults need 7 to 8 hours of sleep a night, and adolescents need about ten. We sleep as our body signals us, telling that our brain is tired. The rise in sleep inducing chemicals, like adenosin and melatonin, send us into a light doze that grows deeper, making our breathing and heart rate slow down and our muscles relax. This non-REM sleep is when DNA is repaired and our bodies replenish themselves for the day ahead. The US estimated that 30% of adults and 66% of adolescents are regularly sleep deprived.
Bodily Damage;
When we lose sleep learning, memory, mood and reaction time are affected. Sleeplessness may also cause inflammation, hallucination, high blood pressure and and it’s even been linked to diabetes and obesity. In 2014, a devoted soccer fan died after staying awake for 48 hours to watch the World Cup. While his untimely death was due to a stroke, studies show that chronically sleeping fewer than six hours a night increases stroke risk by four and half times compared to those getting a consistent seven to eight hours of shuteye. For a handful of people on the planet who carry a rare inherited genetic mutation, sleeplessness is a daily reality. This condition known as Fatal Familial Insomnia, places the body in a nightmarish state of wakefulness, forbidding it from entering the sanctuary of sleep. Within months or years, this progressively worsening condition leads to dementia and death.
Waste Products:
How can sleep deprivation cause such immense suffering? Scientists think the answer lies with the accumulation of waste products in the brain. During our waking hours, our cells are busy using up our day’s energy sources, which get broken down into various byproducts, including adenosine. As adenosine builds up, it increases the urge to sleep, also known as sleep pressure. In fact, caffeine works by blocking adenosine’s receptor pathways. Other waste products also build up in the brain, and if they are not cleared away, they collectively overload the brain.
A Mechanism:
Scientists found something called the glymphatic system, a clean up mechanism that removes this buildup and is much more active when we are asleep.
It works as a cerebrospinal fluid to flush away toxic byproducts. Lymphatic vessels which serve as pathways for immune cells, have recently been discovered in the brain and they also may play a role in clearing out the brain’s daily waste products. We can thus be sure that slipping into slumber is a necessity.
Transcripted By Benazir Elahee Munni